Attorney General Frosh Files Suit Against U.S. Department of Education and Secretary DeVos for Unlawfully Repealing Critical “Borrower Defense” Regulations
BALTIMORE, MD (July 15, 2020) – Maryland Attorney General Brian E. Frosh today joined a coalition of 23 attorneys general in a lawsuit against Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos and the U.S. Department of Education (ED) challenging their action to unlawfully repeal the 2016 “borrower defense” regulations and replace them with regulations that benefit predatory for-profit schools at the expense of defrauded students.
The 2016 borrower defense regulations established critical protections for student-borrowers who have been misled or defrauded by predatory schools by providing borrowers an efficient pathway to get relief from their federal student loans, and creating robust deterrents for schools that engage in predatory conduct.
Under the Trump administration, ED repealed the 2016 regulations and replaced them with new regulations that make it virtually impossible for victimized students to obtain financial relief, while also rolling back oversight over unscrupulous and predatory schools. In the lawsuit, the coalition argues that ED’s decision to repeal and replace the Obama-era regulations violates the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), and asks the court to vacate ED’s new regulations.
“Secretary DeVos has once again stood up for predatory, for-profit education institutions instead of the student-borrowers who are their victims,” said Attorney General Frosh. “Students are left holding the bag when the predators go belly up, and Betsy DeVos keeps undermining the deterrents to the predatory conduct.”
The Higher Education Act requires that the Secretary of Education issue regulations that provide for a meaningful process for students to obtain federal student loan relief when their schools have engaged in misconduct. Consistent with this Congressional mandate, ED issued new borrower defense regulations in November 2016 that offered meaningful protections to defrauded student borrowers.
The regulations built on lessons learned from the collapse of Corinthian Colleges—a predatory, for-profit chain of colleges that left tens of thousands of students across the nation in need of debt relief. Specifically, the 2016 regulations provided borrowers who were misled and defrauded access to a consistent, clear, fair, and transparent process to seek debt relief, and also protected taxpayers by holding schools that engage in misconduct accountable. The regulations also ensured that financially troubled schools provide financial protection to the government to ensure that, if they fail, taxpayers would not be left financially responsible.
Despite these new protections, Secretary DeVos sided with for-profit schools upon taking office and demonstrated public hostility to the 2016 borrower defense regulations. Just two weeks before those regulations were set to go into effect in mid-2017, the Trump administration unlawfully delayed them.
A coalition of 20 attorneys general, including Attorney General Frosh, sued Secretary DeVos over the illegal delay. In 2018, a judge in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia found the delay unlawful and ordered the 2016 borrower defense regulations to go into effect. In November 2019, after the Secretary’s failed delay attempts, ED issued replacement borrower defense regulations that put the interests of predatory schools ahead of student protections. The 2019 borrower defense regulations created a process designed to thwart relief for defrauded students and shield predatory schools from being held accountable.
In the lawsuit, filed today in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, the coalition argues that ED’s repeal and replacement of the 2016 borrower defense regulations violates the APA because:
- It is arbitrary and capricious. The decision to repeal and replace the 2016 rule was not the product of reasoned decision making as required by the APA. In explaining its rationale for the new regulations, ED rejected prior agency determinations going back decades without explanation, grounded its analysis in fundamental misunderstandings, failed to consider alternatives, and disregarded facts and circumstances.
- It does not comply with Congress’s requirement that the Secretary implement a meaningful process for borrowers to obtain relief. Instead, it establishes an illusory process that makes it practically impossible for students to qualify for borrower defense relief. ED admits as much by acknowledging that only around 4 percent of borrowers eligible for relief will actually get relief.
In filing this lawsuit, Attorney General Frosh joins the attorneys general of California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and Wisconsin.
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